In recent years, the term "incel" has gained attention, often linked with troubling online movements and harmful beliefs. Most recently Netflix has released the limited series Adolescence to instant acclaim - a show that takes a look at the devastating impact of incel culture, the manosphere and toxic masculinity on our young boys and girls. But what exactly are incels, and why is it important to understand them?
What Are Incels?
The word "incel" stands for "involuntary celibate." It describes people, mostly men, who struggle to form romantic or sexual relationships despite wanting them. They believe they are unable to find a partner due to factors beyond their control, such as looks, social skills, or other perceived flaws. While being single isn't a problem in itself, incels often see their situation as unfair or as something they cannot change. This sense of frustration can lead to a negative and sometimes dangerous worldview. However this view point and community is seeing high levels of growth among younger men who believe that they will grow up to never have a girlfriend or a romantic partner.
What Does the Peer-Reviewed Research Tell Us?
Recent studies suggests that incels often experience social isolation, mental health struggles, and resentment toward women. They engage in online communities that reinforce misogynistic beliefs and self-victimisation. Some studies highlight the risk of radicalization, while others emphasize the need for psychological support and intervention strategies.
Baele, S. J., Brace, L., & Coan, T. G. (2023) – "Incels, ideology, and violence: An empirical analysis" found that incel forums reinforce misogyny and self-hatred, sometimes leading to extremist violence.
Ribeiro, M. H., et al. (2021) – "The evolution of the incel community on Reddit", analysed incel discourse on Reddit, showing increasing radicalization and dehumanization of women.
Scaptura, M. N., & Boyle, K. M. (2020) – "Masculinity threat and incel violence found that perceived threats to masculinity drive incel aggression.
Core Beliefs of Incels
Incels often share a set of beliefs that shape how they see the world. These ideas can vary slightly between individuals, but there are some common themes:
"Chads" and "Stacys": Incels often divide people into groups based on their attractiveness and social status. "Chads" are men who are seen as good-looking and successful, while "Stacys" are women who are attractive and sought after. Incels believe that these people have no trouble forming relationships, while they, as "Incels," are left out.
The "Red Pill" Philosophy: This term comes from a scene in the movie The Matrix, where taking the red pill represents seeing the "truth." Incels who follow this idea believe they have discovered a hidden truth about society — that women are shallow and only care about the physical appearance or social status of men. This belief leads to resentment and frustration.
Misogyny: A common and dangerous belief among many incels is a deep resentment of women. They often blame women for their romantic struggles, believing that women are "selective" and that they intentionally reject men who don’t meet their standards. This leads to harmful attitudes, including objectifying or even hating women.
Fatalism and Hopelessness: Many incels believe their situation is permanent and unchangeable. They think that no matter what they do, they will never be able to find a partner. This feeling of hopelessness can be very damaging to their mental health and leads to negative emotions like anger, depression, and isolation.
Impact on Young Boys and Girls
The impact of incel beliefs extends beyond just the individuals involved; it affects society as a whole. Here’s how it can affect both young boys and girls:
For Boys: Young boys who are exposed to incel ideology may become more resentful and bitter towards women. They might develop an unhealthy view of relationships, thinking that they are owed affection or attention from others. This can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, and sometimes even violent behavior toward women or themselves.
For Girls: The spread of incel culture can create an environment where girls feel unsafe or objectified. When young women are seen through the lens of the "Stacy" stereotype, they may feel pressured to meet certain beauty standards or be judged solely for their looks. This can lead to body image issues and anxiety about relationships.
Key Terminology to Understand Incels
Incel: A person who struggles with romantic or sexual relationships, often blaming external factors.
Chad: A man who is considered very attractive and socially successful.
Stacy: A woman who is seen as physically attractive and popular.
Red Pill: A philosophy that claims to reveal the "truth" about society, especially gender dynamics, often linked to misogyny.
Black Pill: A more extreme version of the red pill, where incels believe that no change is possible and that they are doomed to a life of loneliness.
Beta Male: A man who is seen as less attractive or socially dominant, often contrasted with the "alpha male."
Alpha Male: A man who is seen as dominant, attractive, and successful in romantic relationships.
Incels are a complex and sometimes dangerous phenomenon. Their beliefs, often rooted in frustration and isolation, can lead to harmful ideas and behaviors. It’s important to address these issues with understanding, providing support for those who feel alienated and ensuring that young people grow up with healthier, more balanced views of relationships. By promoting empathy and communication, society can help counteract the negative impact of the incel movement.
If you are concerned that someone you care about may be engaging with harmful online content in relation to incel culture - read our article on the proactive steps you can take.